Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to__1__, to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless,__2__world is an insecure world we do not like. When it__3__to human behavior, we infer meaning and__4__to make the behavior understandable.__5__all this means is that people develop “quasi-theories” of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in__6__, scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know__7__humans do the things they do.

    Let’s consider an example. In the United States people have been__8__with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us because we ourselves could be victims. But it__9__bothers us that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We develop quasi-theories. We__10__concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we__11__it: our criminal justice system is__12 ; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values weaken__13__the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are on drugs.

    These explanations suggest possible solutions ——__14__the courts and put more people in jail as examples to other law breakers. There is now hope__15__the problem of crime can be solved if only we__16__these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor__17__so threatening.

    These quasi-theories__18__serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they? How__19__will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered with__20__to how people normally go about developing or attaining their quasi-theories of human behavior. (286 words)

    注：quasi-（構(gòu)成合成詞）表示“疑似…的，準(zhǔn)…的。go about著手進(jìn)行，著手處理。

    1. A. reason B. consider C. deem D. dwell

    2. A. unanimous B. unimaginable C. unpredictable D. unfortunate

    3. A. goes B. comes C. makes D. concerns

    4. A. explanations B. motives C. conclusions D. consequence

    5. A. That B. Even C. As D. What

    6. A. an objective B. a subjective C. a theoretic D. a conclusive

    7. A. how B. why C. whether D. when

    8. A. worried B. disturbed C. bewildered D. concerned

    9. A. also B. even C. yet D. still

    10. A. retain B. remain C. maintain D. sustain

    11. A. master B. conceive C. understand D. acquire

    12. A. precautious B. inadequate C. deficient D. destructive

    13. A. for B. as C. from D. beyond

    14. A. consolidate B. stiffen C. confirm D. strengthen

    15. A. which B. whether C. that D. how

    16. A. act on B. work out C. see to D. set up

    17. A. rather B. very C. much D. quite

    18. A. moreover B. therefore C. nevertheless D. otherwise

    19. A. effective B. efficient C. sufficient D. capable

    20. A. reference B. relationship C. result D. association

    II. 選擇搭配題

    Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-- 45, choose the most suitable one from the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

    This year's good-news / bad-news report on technology usage in the United States contains hardly any surprises. And that really got my attention. The upside is that computer ownership and Internet connectivity are booming. The number of homes with a computer has nearly doubled in the past four years. Today, the computer has taken up appliance status in more than 42 percent of households across the United States.

    41) _______________________________. Online access was up more than 50 percent in just the past year (from 1997 to 1998). Now, more than one quarter of all U.S. households can surf in cyberspace.

    Mostly, this explosive growth has occurred democratically. 42) _________________________.

    We view these trends as favorable without the slightest question because we clearly see computer technology as empowering. 43) _______________________________. I myself am hoping that such assumptions are true and that world peace, love, understanding, will somehow be future byproducts.

    44) _______________________________. That is, the digital explosion is not booming at the same pace for everyone. Yes, it is true that we are all plugged in to a much greater degree than any of us have been in the past. But some of us are more plugged in than others and are getting plugged in far more rapidly. And this gap is widening even as the pace of the information age accelerates through society.

    45) _______________________________.

    The highest income bracket households, those earning more than $75,000 annually, are 20 times as likely to have access to the Internet as households at the lowest income levels, under $10,000 annually. The computer penetration rate at the high-income level is an astounding 76.56 percent, compared with 8 percent at the bottom end of the scale.

    Technology access differs widely by educational level. College gradates are 16 times as likely to be Internet surfers at homes as are those with only elementary-school education. If you look at the differences between these groups in rural areas, the gap widens to a twenty-six-fold advantage for the college-educated.

    [A] From the time of the last study, the information access gap grew by 29 percent between the highest and lowest income groups, and by 25 percent between the highest and lowest education levels.

    [B] And these computers are increasingly being wired to the Internet.

    [C] Computer ownership and Internet access are highly stratified along lines of wealth, race, education, and geography. The data indicates that computer ownership and online access is growing more rapidly among the most prosperous and well educated: essentially, wealthy white people with high-school and college diplomas and who are part of stable, two-parent households.

    [D] The online penetration and computer ownership increases extend across all the demographic levels -- by race, geography, income, and education.

    [E] Pretty rosy picture, right? Now for the not-so-good news. The government's analysis spells out so called digital divide.

    [F] In the long run, participation in the information age may not be a zero sum game, where if some groups win, others must lose.

    [G] In fact, personal growth and a prosperous U.S. economy are considered to be the long-range rewards of individual and collective technological prowess（威力，本領(lǐng)）.

    III. English-Chinese Translation

    What are the special responsibilities, if any, of the scientist towards the community? It seems to us that on the one hand he must make intensive efforts to give the ordinary citizen --- and the politician --- the means of evaluating the role of science in the modern world. 1) It is because in the long run it is only the existence of a large body of well-informed and energetic citizens that can control abuses of governmental power. On the other hand, he must take more trouble to prepare himself for his own growing role as decision-maker and administrator. Progress is being made on both these points, though mainly by the developed countries so far.

    2) As educators, increasing numbers of scientists are making an understanding of science more accessible to the layman(外行人) by means of simply-written books and radio talks, whilst in many countries the scientists are also the main force behind efforts to improve and expand the teaching of science and scientific method in schools and adult education courses. As far as the second requisite is concerned, progress has been slower for the reasons given above. 3) Nevertheless, one significant indicator for the future may be the widening scope and influence of the Pugwash Conferences, which are informal meetings held once or twice a year by leading scientists from all countries, and in which science and its relationship to world affairs is discussed. 4) Another significant fact is that the necessity for establishing coordinated national science policies --- now being put into effect in various countries --- is bringing comparatively large numbers of scientists directly into government administration, which in turn is bringing about the evolution of a new type of scientist, the scientist-administrator.

    To conclude, it is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central part must be taken by scientists and technologists. 5) But whether their efforts can be more effective than those of the traditional politician may depend not so much on the present-day working scientists, but on the scientists now being trained, i. e. --- you. (350 words)

    IV. Writing Practice

    1. Directions:You are looking for a position in a company. Write a letter to the personnel department to:

    1) give your wishes to work for the company

    2) state your strong points

    3) show your eagerness to be accepted

    Letter of Application

    Dear Sir,

    Your advertisement for a sales representative in the March 12 Journal interested me, 因?yàn)槲业慕?jīng)歷很符合您的要求。

    As the enclosed resume indicates, 我已經(jīng)在目前就職的公司工作達(dá)三年之久and have given outstanding performance. 在過(guò)去三年中我一直在經(jīng)營(yíng)我們公司推出的比較新產(chǎn)品and have made great achievements.

    I’ll be happy to tell you more about my experience in an interview.

    You can reach me by telephone during the day at 12345, and in the evening at 54321 .

    Yours faithfully,

    Li Ming

    2. Directions:You have just bought a microwave oven. Write a letter to the sales department of the company to:

    1) give some information about the machine,

    2) complain about the problems,

    3) ask for replacement

    Letter of Complaint

    Dear Sirs,

    The microwave oven No. AG/5436/32, which I ordered from you, arrived on August 15.

    I very much regret to inform you that the machine has been badly damaged.當(dāng)我打開(kāi)包裝時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)微波爐的蓋子已經(jīng)破裂a(bǔ)nd the surface of the machine had been scratched.

    Would you please let me know您是否愿意寄給我一臺(tái)新的微波爐and whether I should arrange to return the damaged one to you?

    In the meantime, I shall hold on to the machine you sent until I hear from you.

    Many thanks.

    Yours faithfully,

    Li Ming

    選擇搭配題參考譯文

    今年美國(guó)對(duì)技術(shù)應(yīng)用方面的正面和負(fù)面的新聞報(bào)道幾乎沒(méi)有什么令人驚奇之處。這確實(shí)讓我感到奇怪。好的一面，計(jì)算機(jī)的擁有率和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接率正在提高。在過(guò)去四年間，擁有計(jì)算機(jī)的家庭數(shù)量幾乎翻了一倍。今天，計(jì)算機(jī)作為家電已進(jìn)入了42％的美國(guó)家庭。

    這些計(jì)算機(jī)越來(lái)越多地和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相連，在線連接僅僅在去年就超過(guò)了50％。現(xiàn)在，超過(guò)1/4的美國(guó)家庭能在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間漫游。

    這種爆炸式的增長(zhǎng)幾乎是沒(méi)有任何制約的。網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)入家庭和計(jì)算機(jī)擁有率的增長(zhǎng)延伸到各類人群中――不管他們的種族、地理位置、收入及受教育程度。

    我們認(rèn)為這個(gè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是有利的，因?yàn)橛?jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)可以賦予一個(gè)人開(kāi)拓能力。事實(shí)上，個(gè)人的發(fā)展以及美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮都可以看作是個(gè)人和集體技術(shù)威力的長(zhǎng)期獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。我個(gè)人希望這些看法是真的，同時(shí)在未來(lái)技術(shù)的發(fā)展能帶來(lái)世界和平、關(guān)愛(ài)、理解這些附產(chǎn)品。

    非常美好，是吧？現(xiàn)在說(shuō)一些不怎么好的吧。政府的分析報(bào)告中出現(xiàn)了所謂的“數(shù)字化差距”。也就是說(shuō)，數(shù)字化的發(fā)展速度并不是對(duì)于每個(gè)人都一樣。是的，沒(méi)錯(cuò)！我們現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的程度比以往任何時(shí)候都要高。但是，我們當(dāng)中有些人比另一些人進(jìn)入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的速度要快得多，而且更深入。這種差距正在擴(kuò)大，隨著信息社會(huì)前進(jìn)的步伐越來(lái)越快。

    計(jì)算機(jī)擁有率和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接率，按財(cái)產(chǎn)、種族、教育、地域的不同差別很大。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在那些富有的并且受過(guò)更高等教育的人群當(dāng)中，計(jì)算機(jī)的普遍程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的連接率都要高，從根本上講，是指那些富有的白人，擁有高中以及大學(xué)文憑而且是穩(wěn)定的、雙親家庭中的一員。

    收入比較高的階層，那些年薪超過(guò)75，000 美元的家庭，比起那些低收入家庭（年薪只有10，000的家庭），在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接率上要超過(guò)20倍。家庭計(jì)算機(jī)的普及率在那些高收入人群中達(dá)到令人吃驚的76.56％。而在低收入人群中都只有8％。

    對(duì)技術(shù)的掌握按教育水平劃分，差別也很大。大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人與只受過(guò)小學(xué)教育的人中在家上網(wǎng)的人數(shù)相差16倍。如果在鄉(xiāng)村來(lái)比較這些群體差異，大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人與其差距價(jià)達(dá)到26倍，占據(jù)很大優(yōu)勢(shì)。

    作業(yè)：1. 全面總結(jié)完形和英譯漢。 2. 盡快做完“復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)”中相關(guān)各章的練習(xí)。

    贈(zèng)言：不吃苦中苦，那有甜中甜。

    祝同學(xué)們身體健康、考研成功！

    張洪兵

    經(jīng)濟(jì)英語(yǔ) （對(duì)話）

    You mention that the regional trading blocs(集團(tuán)) need to be consistent with GATT (關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定) and multilateral(多邊的) agreements in order to fit in (相處融洽). But is there any possibility that the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group (APEC), for example, could become a rival to GATT, just because of its size?

    No, there isn’t. There is nobody as far as I know in APEC – if there is anybody they are in a very small minority – who has any intention of creating a situation where there are conflicting regional trading blocs because virtually everybody in APEC has a local market which they serve.

    So I don’t think that the prospect of creating an exclusory bloc suits anybody’s purposes. Apart from everything else I’m sure that there is a general recognition that the two giant traders in the world, the European Union and the United States, are better kept within a global system rather than regionalized where one of them is the dominant force in a particular trading arrangement.

    APEC is starting to flex its muscles(顯示實(shí)力) now and it seems that it’s going to at least want to have some dealings of its own – APEC wanting to negotiate with the European Union for example. Will that come within the GATT rules as well?

    APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open rather than closed in its approach. I don’t think that anybody envisages (設(shè)想) APEC as having the same deep institutional depth as the European Union which is quite a different thing from anything I have heard envisaged for APEC.