31. All the major cities of the United States， ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico， began as centers of trade.

A. and to include

B. which including

C. included

D. including

答案：D

分析：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是插入語(yǔ)，這里分詞作狀語(yǔ)，不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

參考譯文：包括大湖區(qū)和墨西哥峽谷的美國(guó)所有主要城市都是以貿(mào)易中心的模式發(fā)展起來(lái)的。

32. Settled by English Puritans in 1630， Boston became _________ .

A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital

C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

答案：A

分析：缺賓語(yǔ)。B語(yǔ)序混亂；C中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，錯(cuò)；D中became 仍然沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，so that 多余，錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：波士頓在1963年被英國(guó)清教徒定址，并曾是馬薩諸塞州灣殖民地的首都。

33. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _________ they are heading.

A. the direction in which

B. to where the direction

C. that direction of which

D. where the direction

答案：A

分析：空格前缺賓語(yǔ)，空格后是個(gè)完整的句子，只有B能滿足。prep+which 作為介詞賓語(yǔ)，后面接完整的句子。

參考譯文：船和飛機(jī)的領(lǐng)航員通過(guò)指南針來(lái)確定他們航行的方向。

34. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.

A. what

B. in which

C. in whose

D. that

答案：B

分析：空格前后都是完整的句子，選項(xiàng)中優(yōu)先選擇prep+which.prep+which 作為介詞賓語(yǔ)，后面接完整的句子。

參考譯文：冷凝器是一種熱交換器，蒸氣或水汽在里面失去熱量，變回液體狀態(tài)。

35. Published in 1957， John Cheever's first novel， The Wapshot Chronicle， earned _________ the National Book Award.

A. that he had

B. him

C. was his

D. to him

答案：B

分析：雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：sth. Earn sb sth. 類似的還有g(shù)ain/win

參考譯文：John Cheever的第一部小說(shuō)The Wapshot Chronicle于1957年，并為他贏得全國(guó)圖書獎(jiǎng)。

36. As seen from the Earth at night， _________ planet Jupiter ranks third among the planets and stars in maximum brightness， after Venus and Mars.

A. when the

B. in which the

C. the

D. and the

答案：C

分析：空格后句子完整，此處缺限定詞。

參考譯文：晚上從地球上看去，行星木星在行星恒星最大亮度等級(jí)中排名第三，排在金星和火星的后面。

37. _________ produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is used extensively in advertising displays.

A. Neon that

B. When neon

C. Neon

D. There is neon

答案：C

分析：缺主語(yǔ)。A中that多余；B中When多余，D中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

參考譯文：氖能在真空管里釋放出深紅色的光芒，并被廣泛的在廣告顯像里應(yīng)用。

38. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short， wet winters followed by long， dry summers.

A. are trees and shrubs

B. how trees and shrubs

C. trees and shrubs have

D. trees and shrubs

答案：D

分析：of 后接名詞，首先排除A和B.C中有個(gè)動(dòng)詞have， 后半句中有動(dòng)詞follow， 兩句之間沒(méi)有連接詞，一定錯(cuò)。

參考譯文：叢林由樹(shù)和灌木組成，短的、潮濕的冬天和隨后的長(zhǎng)的干燥的夏天阻礙了它們的生長(zhǎng)。

39. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United States policy concerning the activities and rights of European powers in North and South America.

A. when a statement

B. as a statement

C. a statement

D. to a statement

答案：C

分析：缺賓語(yǔ)。A，B，D中的when， as， to 多余。

參考譯文：1982年的門羅主義是針對(duì)南北美歐洲集權(quán)的行為和權(quán)利的美國(guó)政策的表述。

40. _________ to stand in a warm place， it sours because of the presence of bacteria that convert milk sugar into acid.

A. When milk is allowed

B. When is milk allowed

C. Milk， when allowed

D. When milk allowed

答案：A

分析：B不應(yīng)該使用倒裝；C：如果是插入語(yǔ)的話，后半句中不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)it；D中由句意allow應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)形式。

參考譯文：當(dāng)牛奶持續(xù)的放在溫暖的地方，細(xì)菌的出現(xiàn)把牛奶的糖轉(zhuǎn)化成酸，因此它就發(fā)酸了