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      1. 2012高考英語考點(diǎn)專題講練:形容詞和副詞(2)

        2012-01-12 11:13:51 來源:育路高考網(wǎng)

            II.連系動詞與形容詞

            象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等這些動詞既可以用作為實(shí)義動詞又可以用作連系動詞,因而要根據(jù)上下文語境判斷究竟是什么性質(zhì)的動動詞才能正確解題。

            請看下面這道選擇題:

            ▲We don't care if a hunting dog smells_____,but we really don't want him to smell_____.

            A. well; well B. bad; badly C. well; badly D. badly; bad

            第一個“smell”是“聞起來”的意思,是連系動詞,用形容詞。第二個“smell”是實(shí)義動詞,用副詞來修飾;此外well作形容詞是表示人身體好、氣色好,用在此句中不行,只能作副詞用。答案是B.句意是:“我們不在乎獵狗聞起來難聞,但是我們確實(shí)不希望它的嗅覺力差。

            III.形容詞、副詞比較等級的用法

            形容詞、副詞有三個等級:原級、比較級和最高級,其構(gòu)成形式如下:

            規(guī)則變化:單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級

        構(gòu)成法

        原級

        比較級

        最高級

        一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est

        tall

        taller

        tallest

        以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st

        nice

        nicer

        nicest

        以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est

        big

        bigger

        biggest

        "以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改yi,再加-er,-est

        busy

        busier

        busiest

        少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est

        clever

        narrow

        cleverer

        narrower

        cleverest

        narrowest

        其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級

        important

        easily

        more important

        more easily

        most important

        most easily

            不規(guī)則變化

        原級

        比較級

        最高級

        good/well

        better

        best

        bad/ill

        worse

        worst

        old

        older/elder

        oldest/eldest

        much/many

        more

        most

        little

        less

        least

        far

        farther/further

        farthest/furthest

            注意:many,old和far比較級及最高級用法的區(qū)別

            ①如果后接名詞時,much more +不可數(shù)名詞,many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

            ②old有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest.elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。

            My elder brother is an engineer.

            Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

            ③far有兩種比較級,farther,further……在英語中兩者都可指距離。

            在美語中,father表示距離,further表示進(jìn)一步

            I have nothing further to say.

            1.原級的用法

            表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時,用“as+原級形容詞/副詞+ as”的結(jié)構(gòu);表示雙方不相等時,用“not so(as)+原級形容詞/副詞+ as”的結(jié)構(gòu);表示一方是另一方的若干倍時,用“倍數(shù)+ as+原級形容詞/副詞+ as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

            Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

            This building looks not so (as)high as that one.

            Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

            This room is three times as large as that one.

            2.比較級的用法

            ①雙方比較,表示一方超過另一方時,用“比較級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示;

            This picture is more beautiful than that one.

            注意:

            ▲比較對象的一致性

            請看下面這道選擇題:

            The weather in China is different from__ __.

            A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America

            本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家,C不能選。A沒有名詞,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D.

            ▲要避免將主語包含在比較對象中

            (錯)China is larger than any country in Asia.

            (對)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

            ▲注意比較對象的省略或隱藏:有時省略或不點(diǎn)明被比較的對象,而是通過語境來暗示被比較的對象。

            請看下面這兩道選擇題:

            If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

            A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time

            本題將比較的對象隱藏在虛擬條件句中,即:與沒有考試的時候相比。本題答案選D.

            I don‘t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen____________.

            A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst

            由前文“我認(rèn)為這部電影不是最沒趣的”可知,“我看過(比這部)更差的電影”,省略了than this one.本題答案是B.

            It takes a long time to go there by train; it's ________by road.

            A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker

            由語境可知,句末省略了than by train,用比較級。本題答案是D.

            ②表示一方不及另一方時,用“less+原級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示;

            This room is less beautiful than that one.

            ③表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時,可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾;

            He works even harder than before.

            注意:by far通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時,一般放在比較級的后面,如在前面,應(yīng)在二者中

            間加“the”。

            He is taller by far than his brother.

            He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

            ④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時,用“the +比較級(主語+謂語),the +比較級(主語+謂語)”

            的結(jié)構(gòu)(意為“越……越……”);

            The harder he works, the happier he feels.

            ⑤不與其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改變時,用“比較級+ and+比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu);

            The weather is getting colder and colder.

            The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

            ⑥某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時,用to代替than.這些詞有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(較

            好的,優(yōu)于……)、junior(資歷較淺的)、senior(資格較老的)、prior(在……之前)等;

            He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

            ⑦在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù),我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞;

            The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

            A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

            ⑧否定詞+比較級

            該結(jié)構(gòu)用否定形式表示肯定意義。要掌握該結(jié)構(gòu)的用法,須注意以下幾點(diǎn):

            ▲該結(jié)構(gòu)多為“can't /couldn't +比較級”的形式

            I can't agree with you more.我再同意你的意見不過了。(或:我完全同意你的意見。)

            The weather couldn't be worse.天氣再糟糕不過了。

            He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不過了。

            ▲用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞除了not之外,還有no,never,nothing等

            This could give her no greater pleasure.這使她再高興不過了。

            There's nothing cheaper.這東西再便宜不過了。

            There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

            為朋友而放棄生命的愛是最偉大的愛。

            ▲當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)中的比較級為less時,其意義為“一點(diǎn)也不”

            試比較:He couldn't care more.他非常介意。(或:他最關(guān)心不過了。)

            He couldn't care less.他毫不介意。(或:他最漠不關(guān)心了。)

            注意:反過來用肯定形式表示否定意義。這種用法主要見于:

            ▲know better than+不定式。這種結(jié)構(gòu)意為“不至于”

            You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.

            你的法語較好,不至于犯這樣的錯誤。

            He is more experienced than to do such a thing.

            他比較有經(jīng)驗(yàn),不至于做這樣的事。

            ▲more than…can.這種句型形式上是肯定,實(shí)際上有否定含義

            The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can bear.

            街上的男孩變得非常無禮,到了人所不能忍受的地步。

            The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.

            那地方美得無法形容。

            ⑨倍數(shù)表達(dá)法

            ▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

            The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

            這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座舊樓大(高)三倍。

            ▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

            Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。

            ▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

            Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。

            用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上,兩倍可以用twice或double.

          (責(zé)任編輯:張影)

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