三長兩短一并列搞定高考英語長難句(3)
2. “兩短”
(1) 形容詞
【定義】形容詞是指用來修飾名詞的單詞,往往帶有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后綴。
【常見位置】
、 一般置于名詞之前,如a beautiful park。
、 修飾不定代詞(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)時(shí)置于不定代詞之后,如“一些有趣的事”應(yīng)譯為something interesting。
(2) 副詞
【定義】副詞用來修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞等詞,往往帶有-ly等后綴。
【常見位置】英語中,副詞的用法比形容詞靈活得多。
、 可置于整句之前,如:Unfortunately, he failed to make it.
、 可置于整句之后,如:The teacher greets his students individually.
③ 可置于“助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前”,如:
The princess looks extremely beautiful today. (系動(dòng)詞之后)
He immediately saw the black cat. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前)
He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess. (助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前)
He can hardly speak anything. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前)
、 可置于形容詞或副詞之前,如:There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.
從上面的分析可以看出,雖然英文中形容詞和副詞的在句中的位置和中文略有不同,但一般情況下,它們較短且易于辨識(shí),對句意理解影響不大,因此在給修飾成分做標(biāo)記時(shí),形容詞和副詞可不標(biāo)記。
3. 平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)
【定義】并行并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指由并列詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上含義相似、結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列項(xiàng)連接起來構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)。
【標(biāo)記方法】給平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)做標(biāo)記的要求是:給并列詞加方框,給并列項(xiàng)加下劃線。標(biāo)記時(shí)要先找到并列詞,然后再找并列項(xiàng)。在標(biāo)注形如A and B的平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),應(yīng)先找B (即右并列項(xiàng))后找A (即左并列項(xiàng))。由于英語中的修飾成分往往置于中心詞之后,所以A和B兩個(gè)并列項(xiàng)后面可能各自帶有很長的尾巴,形成“A … and B …”的形式,導(dǎo)致A離and相對較遠(yuǎn),不易辨認(rèn),而B通常離and很近,容易識(shí)別。找到B之后,利用A和B結(jié)構(gòu)相同、含義相似的原則,很容易將A確定出來。
【常見并列關(guān)系】
英語中可以并列的成分有很多,讀句子時(shí)要注意識(shí)別到底是誰跟誰并列。
① 名詞并列:I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.
② 形容詞并列:Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher.
③ 副詞并列:You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.
④ 謂語動(dòng)詞并列:With the Internet, people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.
⑤ 介詞短語并列:And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.
⑥ 從句并列: I’ve finished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last month).
⑦ 非謂語動(dòng)詞并列:Singing and laughing, we headed to the park.
⑧ 整句并列:The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
編輯推薦: 十大航空院校全國招生 入學(xué)簽訂就業(yè)簽約,拿正規(guī)畢業(yè)證 空哥、空姐、飛行員 限額招生 初高中畢生 均可報(bào)名 報(bào)名咨詢電話:010-51291357 51291557 (責(zé)任編輯:盧雁明) 分享“三長兩短一并列搞定高考英語長難句”到:高考最新動(dòng)態(tài)