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      1. 2012高考英語考點專題講練:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(2)

        2012-01-12 11:38:04 來源:育路高考網(wǎng)

            2.現(xiàn)在進行時

            ①表示正在進行的動作;

            ②表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。

            She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。

            He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。

            My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。

            ③代替一般現(xiàn)在時,描繪更加生動。

            The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。

            The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。

            ④與always, forever, constantly, continually連用,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩,但并非強調(diào)動作正在進行;

            He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。

            She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。

            ⑤大多數(shù)動詞可用于進行時,但也有些動詞不用于進行時。

            常見的有:

            ▲感覺類:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear

            ▲情感類:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear

            ▲心態(tài)類:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt

            ▲所有類:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。

            3.現(xiàn)在完成時

            ①表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說話時已完成的動作;

            I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.

            ②表示從過去開始,待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),往往和“for……”, “since……”表述的一段時間狀語連用;

            He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.

            ③表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”;

            表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。

            —Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.

            —She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.

            ④在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作。

            When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.

            We‘ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.

            注意:這里的現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)從句動作在主句動作之前完成, 如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生, 則不必用完成時;試比較:

            I‘ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.

            She will call you when she gets home.

            ⑤短暫動詞(即瞬間動詞),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,

            break out等,在完成時態(tài)中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。

            要譯“他參軍已經(jīng)三年了”不能說:He has joined the army three years.可采用:

            ▲“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago.

            ▲“延續(xù)法”:He has been in the army for three years.

            ▲“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army.

            注意:沒有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截至“現(xiàn)在”為止的時間狀語不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用, 但“in(over) the

            past/last+時間段“要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。

            4.現(xiàn)在完成進行時

            ①用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(或今后還要繼續(xù)一去)的動作;

            He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.

            ②凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進行時。

            5.一般過去時

            ①表達特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況,或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或為;

            He often sang when he was a boy.

            He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.

            ②用于I didn‘t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。

            用于I didn‘t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。

            I didn‘t know you were here.(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道)

            Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了)

            這一用法考生要特別注意。

            注意:參看過去將來時的用法②。

          (責(zé)任編輯:張影)

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