УW(wng)СϺƌW(xu)УkĿ
U(ku)չYϣϣ@܉õĎL(zhng)

ϺĴ?jn)?sh)
ϺW(xu)Ĵ?jn)?sh)ǣĻn315I(y)n180
ϺڶI(y)W(xu)ĴΨ?jn)?sh)ǣĻn290֣ӢZ(y)110֣I(y)n180
ϺP(gun)W(xu)ԺĴ?jn)?sh)ǣĻn270֣ӢZ(y)110֣I(y)n(sh)_210
Ϻ늙C(j)W(xu)ԺĴ?jn)?sh)ǣĻn280֣I(y)n180
Ϻt(y)ˎW(xu)Ĵ?jn)?sh)ǣĻn260֣I(y)n180
һЩϺW(xu)Уķ?jn)?sh)w?jn)?sh)ܕ(hu)(j)ͬݵrвͬc(din)W(xu)ķ?jn)?sh)һ(hu)(du)^
ϺĿW(xu)Щ

ϺĿW(xu)У(f)W(xu)A|W(xu)Ϻ(gu)Z(y)W(xu)Ϻؔ(ci)(jng)W(xu)A|W(xu)ŕ(hu)Ӌ(j)W(xu)ԺϺW(xu)Ϻt(y)ˎW(xu)ȡH
U(ku)չY

(f)W(xu)Fudan UniversityλֱݠϺA͇(gu)ֱٵȫ(gu)c(din)W(xu)ֱܸи(j)λЇ(gu)pһA985̡211̡c(din)O(sh)УxӋ(j)(qing)Ӌ(j)111Ӌ(j)2024Ӌ(j)Խt(y)RB(yng)Ӌ(j)Խ˲ŽB(yng)Ӌ(j)(gu)ҽO(sh)ˮƽW(xu)о(xing)Ŀ¹оc(sh)`(xing)ĿЇ(gu)*(jing)W(xu)(li)AW(xu)ԺУȫ(gu)(chung)(chung)I(y)ĸʾУW(xu)λڙ(qun)ˆλУ(lin)ǰC9h(hun)̫ƽW(xu)(lin)Ї(gu)W(xu)УL(zhng)(lin)x(hu)(f)W(xu)łW(xu)(lin)Ͻо|оʹW(xu)f(xi)(hu)¹ƽ(gu)H(lin)t(y)W(xu)pһO(sh)(lin)L(zhng)оʹW(xu)(lin)ˡ L(zhng)ǸУǎ(k)(lin)˄(chung)ʼɆTЇ(gu)W(xu)ǎ(k)Փؕ(sh)̎λһ(gu)(ni)피`CоʹW(xu)
W(xu)Уǰ1905ꄓ(chung)kď(f)W(xu)Ї(gu)g(chung)kĸߵȌW(xu)У֮һ1952Ժϵ{(dio)W(xu)УɞA(ch)̌W(xu)оľCԴW(xu)2000(f)W(xu)cǰ1927ꄓ(chung)kć(gu)ɽW(xu)t(y)W(xu)ԺϺt(y)ƴW(xu)ϲMµď(f)W(xu)
ϺЩõČƌW(xu)У?(mĿx)Ĵ...

ˇg(sh)ô䌍(sh)Ҳкõ߀ǺٵwɅ(gu)ʾԺ(gu)ͶY20|c(din)O(sh)ԺУ е211 2008(xing)O(sh)ԺУ30 r(nng)I(y)I(y)W(xu)Ժ ؔ(ci)Q(mo)I(y)W(xu)Ժ t(y)W(xu)ߵȌƌW(xu)У ϢI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ӱI(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ^I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ (ni)ɹ |r(nng)I(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ | ֹI(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ cI(y)W(xu)Ժ r(nng)I(y)(jng)(j)I(y)W(xu)Ժ ϺθߵȌƌW(xu)У ͨI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ K ݽI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ 㽭I(y)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ɽ | ɽ|ƼI(y)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ hF·I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ϹI(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ V|pI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ V | I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ؑcӹI(y)W(xu)Ժ c d(yng)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ĴI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ұߵȌƌW(xu)У I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ؔ(ci)(jng)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ½ʯI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ F(tun) 2006(xing)O(sh)ԺУ42 I(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ӿƼI(y)W(xu)Ժ еI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ еʯߵȌƌW(xu)У ʯfF·I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ɽI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ɽ (ni)ɹŽI(y)鵩g(sh)W(xu)Ժ (ni)ɹ (yng)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ | BI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ L(zhng)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ r(nng)I(y)I(y)W(xu)Ժ ϺߵȌƌW(xu)У Ϻˇg(sh)I(y)W(xu)Ժ Kr(nng)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ K ϢI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ KݹI(y)@^(q)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ 㽭C(j)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ AI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ˮˮI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ŽI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ɽ|̘I(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ɽ | ͲI(y)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ hI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ hI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ϽͨI(y)֔(jn)֫_g(sh)W(xu)Ժ VI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ V | I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ V ؑcI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ c ĴͨI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ĴI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ FݽͨI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ F ϽͨI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ C֘I(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ C ຣFt(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ 2008(xing)O(sh)ԺУ28 I(y)W(xu) _(ti)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ӱ ɽؔ(ci)(w)ƌW(xu)У ɽ |ʡͨߵȌƌW(xu)У | L(zhng)܇I(y)ߵȌƌW(xu)У I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ Ϻt(y)ˎߵȌƌW(xu)У Ϻ ϾI(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ K o(w)aI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ 㽭 㽭I(y)W(xu)Ժ ʏI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ͨI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ uI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ɽ| I(y)W(xu)Ժ SˮI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ƽɽI(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ L(zhng)ɳI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ FI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ خI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ V| I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ όI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ V ؑcI(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ؑc ɶI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ Ĵ ĴI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ mʯI(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ C ½r(nng)I(y)I(y)g(sh)W(xu)Ժ ½ ^(gu)͘I(y)ǿW(xu)УǿԼ
ϺĶW(xu)kĿЩ
1Ϻŕ(hu)Ӌ(j)ڌW(xu)ԺϺŕ(hu)Ӌ(j)ڌW(xu)Ժ(jin)QϺЌȫͨߵȌW(xu)УϺˮƽط(yng)wУO(sh)λ
2Ϻ̌W(xu)ԺϺ̌W(xu)Ժ(jin)QλϺУһ̿ƞɫW(xu)ƅf(xi){(dio)l(f)չϺЌٹkͨУx̄(w)(gu)H̄(w)نTءtW¹оc(sh)`(xing)Ŀa(chn)](mi)ČW(xu)f(xi)ͬ(xing)Ŀ
ϺЩĿƶW(xu)
һn:
1.Ϻ(du)Q(mo)W(xu)Ժ(ؔ(ci)(jng)ԺT,mȻ(sh)һ,ֻҪ(li)͘I(y),ʲôǼٵ)
2.Ϻ´W(xu)(һČ(sh)һУ,һֵČI(y)ܟT,Ҳ˿ĸУ֮һ)
3.ϺW(xu)((dng)Ќ(sh)ĸУ,ںܶطһ,䌣I(y)ȫ(gu)̎I(lng)ȵλ,ֻT@ôf(shu)Ϻһһ(sh)ĶԺУ)
4.ϺW(xu)((sh)HϺ,ϺĸеĽ̎ԴУ,ڎI(lng)ܸߵu(y))
5.Ϻt(y)ˎW(xu)(ϺHt(y)W(xu)Ժ(d),У,t(y)ˎI(lng)(qing),^(gu)ϲӋ(j)t)
ڶn:
1.ϺW(xu)Ժ((sh)](mi)õijֵ,H{Ӿ)
2.Ϻˮa(chn)W(xu)((sh)e(cu),I(y)̫,(qing)(sh)ȸ֘I(y)в(yu)Ŀ)
3. ŕ(hu)Ӌ(j)W(xu)Ժ(mȻDŽĴ鱾ƵČW(xu)У,ڕ(hu)Ӌ(j)I(lng)Ǻ)
n:
1.Ϻ̼g(sh)W(xu)(ƶԺУ,B(yng)(yng)˲ŞĿ(bio)ČW(xu)У)
2.Ϻ(yng)üg(sh)W(xu)Ժ((sh)һ,]ѽ(jng)鱾ƶ,ˌڵn)
3.ɼ_(d)W(xu)Ժ(kW(xu),(sh)һ)
ęn:
Ĵ鱾ƵČW(xu)УϺ늙C(j)W(xu)Ժ,ϺڌW(xu)Ժ,ϺڶI(y)W(xu),Ϻ̌W(xu)Ժ,ϺW(xu)Ժ(Ⱥ)
ϺĸУ,ஔ(dng)(sh)ȫ(gu)W(xu),طČW(xu)܌W(xu)ڈ(bo)r(sh)y(hu)һЩãǰһΕr(sh)gҰl(f)^(gu)һ(g)ָ(do)(bo),(dng)r(sh)?yn)r(sh)g}(cng),һЩz©,F(xin)a(b),һЩ҂(g)ˌ(du)@ЩУδ(li)10Д,ϣܽoһЩ
CԴW(xu):
һn:
1.(f)(ƌ(sh)(qing),(jng)(j)(qing)(Փ),һ,t(y)ƺ(qing))
:(f)һNʵ۵Ůζ,Ϻo(w)Փҹ߀(hu)u(y)(f)cA̎һ(g)(j)eá(f)ߵĿѽ(jng)С,?yn)鰴ĿǰĠr(li),ǰλDzܺ(dng)ġ
2.(ƺ(qing),Ə(qing),(jng)(j)(qing)((yng)),ĿһN,t(y)ƺ(qing)(ϲ˶t(y)))
:(jng)ĹƵһУ,ֵֻʣ˙C(j)еʹ,ԼŬ,ADZ(f),ʹýһc(din),ʲô¶ҪԼȥ(zhng)ȡܵõ,Ҳ@ô
s(f),ϺУĵһѽΡ
3.ͬ(j)(Ə(qing)(Խ,ľ,C(j)еҊ(jin)L(zhng)),^(qing),(jng)(j)һ,Ŀһ(ƼZ(y)ܺ),t(y)һ)
:ͬ(j)o˵ӡǽľ,(jng)^(gu)˃λʿ͵(gu)У@òʿУL(zhng)I(lng),ͬ(j)ČW(xu)ѽ(jng)õ˘OS,܇W(xu)ƸdzɞƌW(xu),ČW(xu)|(zh)Ҳdzĸ
yԺ(dng)ǰλ,l(shu)۲Џ(f)Ҳн!
ڶn:
1.A(Ŀƺ(qing),Ə(qing)((sh)W(xu)ܺ),(jng)(j)һ)
:AoһNL(fng)ļʿĸX(ju),ҲS?yn)@һNX(ju),һ(yu)ČW(xu)Ӂ(li)@,Ҳ?yn)@N|(zh)ʹÎ@÷dz,c(din)˼M(jn)ȡ,·߀ڮ(dng)ͬ(j)˦Ŀ⮔(dng)(hu)̫IJ(dng),(wn)ӵڶF(tun)
2.A(Ə(qing)(Ի,ˎ,h(hun),﹤Ҋ(jin)L(zhng))^(qing),(jng)(j)һ)
:ԏďĮ(dng)Ϻ˽֪A|W(xu)ԺA|W(xu),ͺʧһ,Ao˵ĸX(ju)ǵ{(dio),dzĵ{(dio),ȥ,(hu)l(f)F(xin)AsϺУM(jn)һ,Լԭ(li)ă(yu)(sh)W(xu)ưl(f)]˼,ČW(xu)Ҳõ˺ܿİl(f)չM(jn)һF(tun)
n:
1.ϺW(xu)(ƵČ(sh)һ)f(shu):֮Ԍϴnһ,?yn)ܵ?ܴ,(bo)@ӵČW(xu)ܕ(hu)^
:Ͷ@ôYõȥ?ϺW(xu)o˵ӡDZl(f),(li)ֻһƽ,Ȼһ׃ĺX,s֪ԓô핶[^(gu)Xț](mi)XáɞF(tun)ϴ(yng)ԓǛ](mi)ʲô(wn)}
2.|AW(xu)(ƵČ(sh)һ,bO(sh)Ӌ(j)о(qing))
:|Aоc(din)ĬĬo(w),ǽ(jng)ׂ(g)e(ji)ʡģسF(xin)ҕ,Խo˵ӡ̫,^(gu)(j)f(shu)Ї(gu)TķbdzԖ|A֮,(li)ڱI(lng)Č(sh)߀Ƿdz(qing)ġF(tun)϶
όW(xu)УI(y)Tһ^ȫ,ɸ(j)I(y)ď(qing)(bo)
TԺУ:
1.ؔ(ci)((jng)(j)(qing),hW(xu)(jng)(j),?jn)?sh)ֲ(f),Կ]ؔ(ci))
:ԵĴW(xu)l(f)չ,ɞϺ˴
2.t(y)(t(y)ƺ(qing),Ѳ뽻,^(gu)(yng)ԓǷ_(ki),I(y)?jn)?sh)ܴ,ϲy,ҪM(jn)7ľҪ֔(jn)һЩ)
:Ժͽһlϵ
3.A(ɺ(qing),^(gu)h(bo))
:ò֧,W(xu)Уyl(f)չпܱϲ(AĿܱ^)
4.(Z(y)ԺУ,ܟT,h(bo)Z(y)ČI(y),xһЩ(jng)(j)?q)hZ(y)֮ČI(y))
:SЇ(gu)(jng)(j)(sh)IJ(qing),hZ(y)ĵλ(hu),Z(y)УǷ(yng)ԓڳɞһ(g)ܱӑՓĆ(wn)},S(yng)ԓD(zhun),Sϲ(ؔ(ci)ϲĿԱ^)
УW(wng)Сo?gu)?li)ϺƌW(xu)УkĿ
U(ku)չYȫ?j)?ni)ϣ(du)
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