高中語(yǔ)法終極解析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指導(dǎo)
難點(diǎn)形成原因：
1.分不清什么是補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
2.分不清何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。
3.遇到時(shí)容易和其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)混淆。
4.練得不多、用得不熟。
解決辦法：
1. 通過(guò)練習(xí)強(qiáng)化。
2. 多做題, 通過(guò)做練習(xí)，慢慢滲透。
用法講解：
一、概念
分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)其實(shí)是同一成分用于兩種不同的句式中。具體地說(shuō)，主動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是被動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。先了解賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則很容易了解主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): 在英語(yǔ)中，某些及物動(dòng)詞不僅需要賓語(yǔ)，而且還要求某個(gè)詞或詞組來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，即表示賓語(yǔ)代表的人或物所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，這個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。有些語(yǔ)法書把賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
句型：及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（n./pron.）+ 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介詞短語(yǔ) 7種表示法）
該句型若變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即將賓語(yǔ)提到句首作主語(yǔ)，原主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)此時(shí)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的作用，所以改稱主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. （03全國(guó)卷）
此句中smoking 是主語(yǔ) he的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
A cook will be immediately fired if someone finds him smoking in the kitchen.
此句中smoking 是賓語(yǔ) him的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，所以稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
二、何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞作主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
分詞作主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，若主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）與分詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)；如果主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）與分詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如：
He was heard singing in the next room.
He was singing. 主語(yǔ)he與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“唱歌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在分詞singing。
One of the glasses was found broken.
One of the glasses was broken. 主語(yǔ) one of the glasses與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“打破”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用過(guò)去分詞broken。
Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. （04天津）
The water is running. 賓語(yǔ)the water與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)“淌”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞running。
三、可以用分詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
要會(huì)使用分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，必須記住哪些動(dòng)詞可以接分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1. 感官動(dòng)詞 feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at (一感二聽(tīng)五看) 及find 等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：
If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.
The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face.
The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.
The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead.
2．表示 "致使" 動(dòng)詞 get, have，leave等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
---Good morning. Can I help you?
---I’d like to have the package weighed, madam. （MET89）
3. 表示“意欲；命令”的動(dòng)詞如 like, want, wish, order等常接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 如：
You must tell us exactly what you would like done. 你必須準(zhǔn)確地告訴我們?cè)撟鍪裁础?/p>
The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。
I wish it done quickly. 我希望很快將此事做完。
注意： set, start, catch常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，make常跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：
set sb thinking start sb coughing
He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.（04北京春季）
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself heard. （NMET91）
典例精析：
1. 1 smell something ___________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （2007全國(guó)I）
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
答案：A。
解析：smell something burning“聞著什么東西在燃燒而發(fā)出糊味”強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。burning 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。something burnt “燒焦了的東西”表示一種狀態(tài)。所以選A。
2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. (2007上海)
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
答案：A。
解析：hear sb. doing sth. 意為“聽(tīng)到某人在做某事”。動(dòng)詞+ing表示主動(dòng)，the child heard his mother’s voice calling him表示“孩子聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他母親喊他”。hear sth. done 表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某事被做了”。所以選A。
3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _____ in a short period. （2007福建）
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
答案：A。
解析：have sth. done 表示“使某事被做”，have her written English improved “使她的書面英語(yǔ)得到提高”。動(dòng)詞+ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。have sb. doing sth. 意為“使某人一直在做某事”表主動(dòng)。have sb. do sth. 意為“使某人做某事”表主動(dòng)，do前必須省略to。所以選A。
4. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. (2007安徽)
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
答案：C。
解析：have sth. done 表示“使某事被做或請(qǐng)別人做某事”，動(dòng)詞+ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。由because he doesn't know much about computers可判斷出，他找別人維修了電腦。所以選C。
(責(zé)任編輯：盧雁明)
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