高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)點撥

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　　定語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重要語法項目之一，也是歷年高考的熱點。它的難度主要是通過改變句子的正常語序或借助于其它語法項目來體現(xiàn)的，為了提高同學(xué)們的應(yīng)變能力， 現(xiàn)對定語從句的一些常見考點歸納和總結(jié)如下：

　　一、疑問句中考查定語從句

　　1. is this the farm ________ you visited last week?

　　a. where b. the one c. on which d. /

　　【解析】答案是d。

　　命題人經(jīng)常利用疑問句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾學(xué)生的正確選擇。遇到這類定語從句時，最好的辦法是先把疑問句還原成陳述句，然后判斷誰是先行詞，再看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞�，最后確定正確答案。

　　二、倒裝句中考查定語從句

　　2. we came to a place, ________ stood a big tower.

　　a. which b. that c. / d. where

　　【解析】正確答案是d。為了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒裝語序。倒裝的使用使定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)變得較為特殊，因此對于使用倒裝語序的定語從句，應(yīng)先把倒裝語序還原成正常語序，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)就比較清晰了。

　　三、 拆分詞組和固定搭配

　　3. the second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

　　a. of which b. where c. to do d. that

　　4. why can't you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?

　　a. which b. on which c. when d. where

　　【解析】正確答案分別是d和a。一些詞組和搭配被拆開后，句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開的詞組復(fù)原是理解此類定語從句的關(guān)鍵。上述句子中包含以下詞組：make use of, play a part (in)。

　　四、添加插入語或狀語

　　5. the scientist has made another discovery, _______ i believe is of great importance.

　　a. that b. / c. which d. why

　　【解析】應(yīng)選擇c。這類句子主要利用插入語或狀語的添加來增加試題的難度。常見的插入語有：i think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做這類題目時，最佳的辦法是先刪去插入語或狀語，這樣句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

　　五、插入非謂語動詞

　　6. is this the man ________ you want to have ________

　　the radio for me?

　　a. who; repaired b. that; repaired

　　c. whom; repairing d. that; repair

　　【解析】d項正確。非謂語動詞是英語中難度較大的語法項目之一，因而在定語從句中加入非謂語動詞就成了學(xué)生最易失分的題目。對付這類題目最有效的辦法就是將句子還原。如：我們可以把幾個句子中的定語從句進(jìn)行還原，還原后的句子應(yīng)是：you want to have the man repair the radio for me.

　　小試牛刀：

　　1. was it in the shop ________ sold children's clothing that you lost your wallet?

　　a. / b. where c. that d. when

　　2. thank you for the difficulty ________ you have had painting the house.

　　a. when b. / c. why d. where

　　3. is there anyone around the factory ________ knows how to operate the computer?

　　a. who b. which c. where d. in which

　　4. the managers discussed the plan ________ they would like to see ________ the next year.

　　a. that; carried out

　　b. who; carried out

　　c. which; carry out

　　d. that; carrying out

　　5. she was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth ________ she had made ________ with lots of spots.

　　a. which; cover

　　b. that; covered

　　c. /; covering

　　d. where; covering

　　6. lincoln, ________ life was once hard, were elected president of american.

　　a. for whom b. who c. to whom d. /

　　key: 1―6 cbaaba

　　(責(zé)任編輯：郭峰)

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