高考英語二輪復習知識點：代詞
代詞在近幾年高考試題中的復現(xiàn)率為100%，每年至少測試一道題。測試代詞常用對話形式，構(gòu)成特定語境，考查考生靈活運用代詞的能力。代詞指代的范圍、作主語時主謂一致的用法、易混不定代詞的細微差別都是高考的必考點。其中不定代詞one，the one，ones與that，those，it的用法區(qū)別。
考點一考查one(s), that, those, it的用法
[考點解讀]
● one泛指一個人或物?其復數(shù)形式為ones? one和the one作同位語時,如果與其同位的詞語是特指,則用the one;如果是泛指,則用one,?
● that指代前面提到過的名詞,常有后置定語? that的復數(shù)形式是those? that可指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(= the one), 也可指代不可數(shù)名詞,或指代前面提到過的一件事?
● it可指代前面提到過的一個名詞,如例7;指代一件事,如例8;指代不明性別的嬰兒或不明確的人,也可指代時間?天氣?距離等0?
考點二考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法
[考點解讀]
● both表示“兩個人或物都”,具有肯定含義; either表示“兩者中的任何一個”,如例13; neither表示“兩者都不”?
● all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可籠統(tǒng)地表示“一切,所有”, none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在與of連用或回答how many/much的提問時只能用none, no one表示“沒有一個人”,
考點三考查another, the other, others, the others的用法
[考點解讀]
● another泛指三個或三個以上的人或物中不確定的另一個,如例19? another還可以作形容詞,表示“另一個的”
● the other指已知的兩個人或物中的另一個
● others和“other + 名詞”均泛指“別的人或物”
● the others指“一定范圍內(nèi)其余的人或物”,如例23?如果被指代的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,則用the rest替代,
考點四考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法
[考點解讀]
● few和little可用作代詞和形容詞? few和a few可以修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)? few有否定含義, a few有肯定含義, little和a little可以修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞? little有否定含義, a little含肯定含義?
● some和any表示“一些”,可用作代詞和形容詞? some用于肯定句,例31; any用于否定句?疑問句和條件句中, some也可用于疑問句,如例32和例33; any也可用于肯定陳述句中,表示“任何一個”。
考點五 考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用法及它們與else的搭配
[考點解讀]
● 由some和any構(gòu)成的不定代詞的用法和some和any的用法基本一致?
● nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定?
● 無論在肯定句?否定句還是疑問句中, everything和everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有”?
● 不定代詞后跟else時,表示“另外的,其他的”;形容詞修飾something/anything/nothing時,應置于不定代詞之后?以上不定代詞連寫時,不和of連用,every one可和of連用?
【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案
1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything
C. something D. nothing
2. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
3. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what
C. how D. which
5“Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when
C. which D. who
6.Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when
C. which D. whom
7. These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers
C. others D. other
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each
C. every D. either
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone
C. anybody D. anywhere
11.I didn’t make clear when and where the sports meet would be held.
A.this B that C it D one
12 To tell you the truth..really don't like when people talk with you with their eyes stating into the sky.
A.which B that C it D.what
13.一Which one can I take?
一You can take of them;I’ll keep none.
A.both B.any C.either D.all
14.一Which coat would you prefer.sir?
一I’ll take ,to have n change sometimes.
A.allthemB.them dl C.both them D them b0Ih
15.The movie is boring;it is，in fact，rather exeiting and interesting
A anything but B nothing but C no more D all but
16 Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly left in the house
A.everything B.anything C.nothing D something
17.I have been lived in Shanghai for two years.butI haven’t covered of the city
A.anythingB.much C many D plenty
18.She kept looking behind to see if she was being followed
A her B.herself C.her own D.she
19.All of us want very much to see these recommended movies，especially you referred to jusl now.
A as B which C the one D that
20.If a studem can make what has been learned whether in class of from social practice ,he will make steady progress.
A he B him C himself D his
21.一Do you want tea or coffee?
一 really don't mind
A.None B Neither C Either D All
22.The manager believes prices will not rise by more than four percent.
A.any other B the other C another D other
23.The manager was very angry，for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterdy，half of unqualified.
A.whom B what C them D.which
24一Did you visit many places while you were in Canada?
一Yes,
A.afew quite B only few C.only afew D quite few
25 In somecountries， is callede quality does not really mean equal rights for all people
A that B what C which D how
26一May I have a glass of beer.please?
一Beer?Sorry，there is left，but would you mind having,some juice instead?
A none B.no one C nothing D few
27.一When can we goto visit you?
一Anytime you feel like
A.one B it C so D thal
28 We need a more capable leader， with strong will as well as good humour.
A who B.that C.one D.which
29.The number 2008 is a special number， I think，that will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.
A.which B what C one D.it
30.一How do you like his wife?
一She is like a good housekeeper，for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.
A Somebody B nobody C something D.nothing
——答案與解析——
1【解析】此題應選 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你說的大部分內(nèi)容)，其后的not 與 everything 構(gòu)成部分否定，意為“不是所有的都同意”，前后兩部分用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but 連接，語氣通順、連貫。
2【解析】最佳答案為C。做好此題的關鍵是要注意句中的 better 一詞，由于better 用的是比較級，說明比較的對象應是兩者，由此可推知第二空應填both;另一方面，由于所談論的是兩者，說明選擇范圍比較窄、比較明確，所以第一空應填 which。
3【解析】做對此題的關鍵是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除這兩者外的第三者，故第二空應填 the most，即此題最佳答案為C。
4【解析】此題答案選D，主要與上文的some book or other (某一本書)這一語境有關，全句句意為：“我在某一本書上讀到過它，是哪一本書這很重要嗎?”
5【解析】此題最佳答案為D。句意為：“誰告訴你的?”“噢，有個人，我忘記是哪一個了。”
6【解析】此題最佳答案為C。句意為“有些學生開會遲到了，但我不記得是哪些學生了”。
7【解析】最佳答案為C。是從語法上看，another 后通常接單數(shù)名詞，而不接trousers 這樣的復數(shù)名詞(若用 another pair 則可以);也不能選 trousers 是因為填它句子意思不通。最佳答案應選C，others 相當于 other trousers，其中的 other 與前面的 these 相對照。
8【解析】最佳答案為D。使用one … the other … 時，我們通常是針對兩者而言的，即指“兩者中的一個……，另一個……”;如果所談論的情況不是針對兩者而言的，而是針對多者而言的，那么我們就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考慮用 another。
9【解析】此題容易誤選A，認為既然前面出現(xiàn)了 four bedrooms，故填 all 與之對應。其實，此題的最佳答案應為B，原因是空格后的隱藏信息 its，它表示空格處應填一個單數(shù)代詞，但是不能選C，因為 every 不能這樣單獨使用。
10【解析】正確答案應選A。因為 anything but 是習語，意為“根本不是”或“一點也不”，不僅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I’ll do anything but that. 我絕不會干那種事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚會根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父親根本不是詩人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那樣的人絕不算英雄。
11 C。【解析】it代替后面的when and where引導的從句。其他選項均無此用法。
12 C�！窘馕觥靠疾榇~。1t指代空格后面的內(nèi)容。
13 D�！窘馕觥靠疾椴欢ù~的用法。句中的none說明所拿走的東西至少有三個，而且后句表示可以全部拿走，所以答案選D。
14 D�！窘馕觥烤渲械膒refer說明是在兩者之間進行選擇，排除A、B。both修飾代詞或名詞應為botll of them或they both。所以答案應為D。
15 A�！窘馕觥靠疾榇~短語。anything but t表示根本不，決不;nothing but僅僅，只有，all but幾乎，差不多。由下文實際上，這個電影相當令人興奮和有趣可知，上句應為這個電影根本不乏味。故答案選A。
16 B�！窘馕觥繌念}意可知.Alan把大部分財產(chǎn)都變賣了，房里幾乎沒有什幺東西了。用anything與否定詞連用，hardly anything=nothing，故答案選B。
17 B�！窘馕觥勘硎菊w中的一部分，且這個整體是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時，前面的代詞用much。故答案選B。
18.B。【解析】此處表示往自己身后看.故用反身代詞作賓語。
19 C�！窘馕觥靠疾榇~的用法。The one特指you referred to jusl now.。
20 D�！窘馕觥烤湟鉃槿绻粋�學生能將無論是通過課堂還是社會實踐學到的東西變成自己的東西，他將會取得穩(wěn)定的進步。此處是名詞性物主代詞，作賓語補足語。故答案選D。
2l C�！窘馕觥靠疾榇~none，neither，either，all的用法。根據(jù)上句可知，此處是在兩者之間進行選擇，而且從后一句的我真的不介意可知回答者的意思是兩者中哪一個都可以，所以答案選C。
22 C�！窘馕觥靠疾椴欢ù~的用法。題干中的意思是價格不會再增長超過4%。any other任一其他的;the other(兩者中)另外一個;another另外.又，放在數(shù)詞前面;other表示另外，和more一樣，要放在數(shù)字的后面。故答案選C。
23 C。【解析】考查人稱代詞作獨立主格的邏輯主語。句意：經(jīng)理非常生氣，因為他已發(fā)給他商業(yè)伙伴兩千臺機器，其中一半有質(zhì)量問題。half of unqualified.是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，half of 是unqualified的邏輯主語，of是介詞，所以此處要用賓格。
24 C�！窘馕觥縬uite修飾名詞時要放在冠詞前，排除選項A，選項B、D都表示幾乎設有的意思，只有選項c表示有幾個。根據(jù)下句的肯定回答可知答案選c。
25 B�！窘馕觥看颂帪閣hat引導名詞性從句，what在從句中作主語。
26 A，【解析】此處none指代none of the beer，其他選項均不符合句意。
27 B�！窘馕觥縧t用來指代上文所提到的內(nèi)容。
28.C�！窘馕觥靠疾榇~辨析。此處應用one作a more capable leader的同位語。句意：我們需要一個更有能力的領導，一個意志堅定又富有幽默感的領導。
29 C�！窘馕觥窟@里one指代前面的a special number，hat will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.是修飾one的定語從句，I think是插入語。
30 D�！窘馕觥扛鶕�(jù)下文for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.可知，D為正確答案，考生應注意對She is nothing like a good housekeeper的正確理解，其意思是：她完全不像是一個好主婦。
(責任編輯：郭躍文)
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