高一英語：上冊第三單元知識點Lesson 1 Festivals
一.重點單詞
1.include v.包含，包括
Six students have been to Japan, including me.
六個學(xué)生曾去過日本，包括我。
拓展：
(1)contain 指作為組成部分被包含在內(nèi)，是內(nèi)容物的包括。
The drink contains alcohol.
這種飲料里含有酒精。
(2)include指作為整體的一部分包括進去，是范圍的包括。
His duty includes answering phones.
他的責(zé)任包括接電話。
(3) including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”。
(4) 名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。
運用：選擇填空
(1)Five students, ____Tom, passed the exam the other day.
A. included B. including C. contain D. contained
答案：B including +名詞/代詞 意思為 “包括...在內(nèi)”，
名詞/代詞+ included 意思為 “...被包括在內(nèi)”。Tom included 也對。
(2) The boss has______ the broken cup in your bill.
A. including B. included C. contained D. containing
答案：B include指作為整體的一部分包括進去，是范圍的包括。
2.journey n.旅行
拓展：
trip , tour, travel與journey的區(qū)別
journey主要指路地長途旅行， trip常指短距離的旅行，遠足。
tour常指觀光、考察等的環(huán)游旅行，travel指短距離或國外旅行
運用：選擇填空
He likes __ to France.
A. journey B. traveling C. tour D. trip
答案：B like to do/doing sth
3. power n.
1) 權(quán),政權(quán);權(quán)力;勢力 (+over)
2) 職權(quán);權(quán)限[C][U][+to-v]
The president has the power to vote down bills.
總統(tǒng)有權(quán)否決議案。
3) 能力,本領(lǐng) (+of)
She lost her power of speech.
她失去了說話的能力。
4)力;動力,電力
The shortage of power dimmed the streets.
由于電力不足,街道昏暗。
5) (有時大寫)有權(quán)力的人;有影響的機構(gòu);強國,大國
The world powers will meet in Paris this summer.
今夏世界上的大國將在巴黎聚會。
拓展：
powerful adj. 有影響力的，權(quán)力大的 powerfully adv.有權(quán)勢地
(1) come into power 上臺、執(zhí)政(強調(diào)動作)
(2) the power to do sth =the power of doing sth 做……的能力
類似用法的詞還有way, chance等。
(3) out of/beyond one's power 某人不能勝任的;能力所不及
(4) in power 執(zhí)政，當(dāng)權(quán)(強調(diào)狀態(tài))
(5) have power over sb. 能支配某人
運用：選擇填空
When Hitler came into___, he found the doors of the study closed to him.
A. light B. power C. office D. being
答案：B come into power 上臺、執(zhí)政。
4.accept v.接受、應(yīng)允、收受 答應(yīng)
拓展：
accept強調(diào)自愿主動地接受，receive強調(diào)被動接受 或收到
accept作及物動詞，還表示承認(rèn),相信 ,接納。
Mary received a gift from a friend of hers, but she didn't accept it.
I can't accept my new boss.
運用：選擇填空
He did____ the gift, but he didn’t____ it.
A. accept; receive B. receive; accept
C. accepted; receive. D. receive; accepted
答案： D accept強調(diào)自愿主動地接受，receive強調(diào)被動接受 或收到。
5.decorate vt裝飾;布置
He decorated the room with flowers.
他用鮮花裝飾了那間房子。
拓展：
(1)decorate sth with sth 用某物裝點某物
(2)decoration n 裝潢，裝飾品
運用： 翻譯
他為了給我裝修房間買了許多裝飾品給我。
答案： He bought me a lot of decorations to decorate my rooms.
6.darkness 黑暗
The whole country was in thick darkness when the war broke out.
當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時，整個國家都籠罩在深深的黑暗中。
拓展：
darkness與dark的區(qū)別，darkness常指一時的黑暗。dark表示經(jīng)常
的黑暗或長時間的黑暗，用時需加the。
Keep sb in the dark 為某人保密
Keep sth in the dark 暗中做事
運用：選擇填空
lt was ________before we got there.
A. lights B. moon C. bright D. dark
答案： D dark表示經(jīng)常的黑暗或長時間的黑暗。
7. occasion n.
1) 場合,時刻;重大活動,盛典[C]
2) 時機,機會
I seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.
我抓住機會邀請她回家里吃飯。
3)起因,近因 (+of)
His departure was the occasion of much sadness.
他的離別是令人十分悲傷的起因。
4) 理由;需要[U] (+for/+to-v)
He has no occasion to buy another bike.
他沒有必要再買一輛自行車。
拓展：occasion vt.
引起;惹起
Li Ming rude behavior occasioned a quarrel.
李明的粗魯行為引起了一場爭吵。
與occasion搭配的相關(guān)詞組:
by occasion of 由于,因為;
on occasion(s) 偶爾,間或,有時;
on the occasion of 在…之際;
on this occasion 這一次
on one occasion 曾經(jīng)，有一個時候
運用：完成句子
(1) 由于粗心她沒有通過考試。
He failed the exam ____ occasion ___ his carelessness.
答案： by; of
(2) 你沒有理由賣掉這房子。
You have no occasion ___ ___ the house.
答案：to; sell
8. contribute v.
拓展：(1)捐獻，貢獻，增加
The terrible weather contributed to our difficulty .
惡劣的天氣增加人們的困難。
(2)向……投稿
Li Lei often contributes to the magazine.
李雷經(jīng)常給雜志投稿。
(3)contribution n.貢獻，常用詞組 make a contribution /contributions to
為……做貢獻
They made great contributions to their motherland.
他為他的祖國作出了很大的貢獻。
運用：選擇填空
The rich man _________much money ___his hometown.
A.contributed; to B.contribute; to C.contibuted to; to D.contributes to; on
(責(zé)任編輯：康彥林)
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