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      1. 高考英語名詞考點透析

        2016-12-27 08:03:44 來源:精品學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

          名詞是高考英語復(fù)習(xí)最大的一個部分,因此名詞的復(fù)習(xí)也是最困難的,掌握高考英語名詞考點可以幫助大家更好的進行專項提升。

          [1] 單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞的正確使用

          [例] They have all sorts of course. (2006陜西高考·改錯 )

          [析] 英語中,名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的形式。本題中的course是可數(shù)名詞,意指“課程”,故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式courses。

          [2] 僅以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞

          [例] Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (2000安徽春考·改錯)

          [析] Many happy returns of the day! 是一句固定的生日祝語,相當(dāng)于漢語的“祝你年年有今日,歲歲有今朝!”returns 在此處便是約定俗成的用法。

          除這一結(jié)構(gòu)外,像shake hands with (= shake sb’s hand), make friends with和change seats / trains / buses等常用的結(jié)構(gòu),及thanks, cheers, congratulations, things(情況), affairs, feelings, as follows(如下), in tears, in ruins, in pieces, in chains(被囚禁), in high spirits, in one’s teens / twenties, in the 1990’s (或in the 1990s), into halves, good manners, give one’s regards / best wishes to, make contributions to, make preparations for等,也都是常用或只用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞式。

          [3] 純粹不可數(shù)名詞的使用

          [例] I’m glad you have made such a great progress that... (2006江西高考·改錯)

          [析] 在英語中,有些名詞, 如advice(建議), news, information, fun, weather, progress, homework, housework等,無論在什么情況下都是不可數(shù)的,所以這些詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不可把其與不定冠詞連用?梢,such a great progress 使用有誤(須改為such great progress)。再例: She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. (2004高考福建卷·改錯)由于homework為不可數(shù)名詞,所以,作業(yè)再多,也無復(fù)數(shù)。

          [4] 轉(zhuǎn)義名詞的考查熱點

          [例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life. (2004遼寧高考)

          A. a; the B. the; a

          C. 不填; the D. a; 不填

          [析] 本題旨在考查考生對understanding和life這兩個名詞可數(shù)性的界定:understanding已為轉(zhuǎn)義用法,life在此泛指“人生”,是不可數(shù)名詞,故而便可正確選用冠詞。

          [5] 名詞與形容詞定語的區(qū)別

          [例] There have been sports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes.(2004全國高考III·改錯)

          [析] 形容詞和名詞都可作定語,但有時含義有別,有時則出現(xiàn)錯誤。如可說a golden medal(一塊鍍金獎牌/一塊金色的獎牌),也可以說a gold medal (一塊金牌);但可說a chemistry teacher(化學(xué)老師),而不可說a chemical teacher(化學(xué)原料做的老師?),但可說a chemical works(一家化工廠)。據(jù)此可見,此題中的“個人信息”不應(yīng)用person information表達。

          另應(yīng)注意,除man, woman常用“單單 (a woman doctor)”、“復(fù)復(fù) (two women doctors)”式,及一些特殊詞,如a goods ship, the sports shoes, a clothes shop等以外,用作修飾詞的名詞,一般都要用單數(shù)式。如: a lady doctor, two lady doctors等

          [6] 與動詞或介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配

          [例] It is said that dogs will keep you _____ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. (2006江西高考)

          A. safety B. company

          C. house D. friend

          [析] 無論是動賓結(jié)構(gòu)還是介賓結(jié)構(gòu),有時名詞雖然近義,但卻不能主觀臆斷,而要選擇固定的搭配式。本題的keep sb company就是一個典型的固定搭配式,意為“與……為伴”。

          [7] 名詞搭配的語境限定

          [例] You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ________. (2006廣東高考)

          A. date B. shape

          C. order D. balance

          [析] out of date 意為“過期,不時髦”;out of shape意思是“不成形的”;out of order就是in disorder,意為“亂七八糟的”。搭配并無問題,而意義決定了B是正確答案。

          [8] 名詞的同、近義詞辨析

          [例] I’m sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good ______ of direction. (2005浙江高考)

          A. idea B. feeling

          C. experience D. sense

          [析] 名詞的同、近義詞辨析,不僅僅較多地應(yīng)用于書面表達,而且還可以較為靈活地設(shè)題于單項填空、完形填空或短文改錯題中。本題的四個近義詞選項中,sense的“意識”性更強,因而答案選D。

          常易設(shè)題的同、近義名詞有如下各組:

          (1)cause, reason, excuse, explanation; (2)family, home, house, room, space; (3)sign, signal, mark, example, symbol;(4)award, reward, prize, money; (5)value, price, cost, charge; (6)kind, sort, type, variety; (7)range, reach, distance, length; (8)news, word, message, information, notice; (9)energy, force, strength, power; (10)accident, incident, affair, event, business, matter; (11)practice, training, exercise, drill; (12)sight, view, scenery;(13)ache, pain, injury, damage, wound; (14)means, way, method, approach, skill, experience; (15)travel, trip, journey, voyage; (16)idea, sense, feeling, opinion, thought, thinking; (17)job, work, duty, task; (18)pause, stop, rest, break; (19) fact, deed, reality, practice; (20)match, race, contest, competition

          高考英語名詞考點的全部內(nèi)容就是這些,希望大家可以認真掌握,爭取更好的成績。

          (責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)

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