高考英語：直接引語如何變?yōu)殚g接引語

　　引述別人的話時(shí)，一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為直接引語;二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語從語。直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。

　　1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞that 引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　she said, "i am very happy to help you."→

　　she said that she was very happy to help you.

　　2. 直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　he asked me, "do you like playing football?"→

　　he asked me if/whether i liked playing football.

　　注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether 可以互換，但后有or not,或在動(dòng)詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí)，一般只用whether。例如：

　　she asked me whether he could do it or not.

　　he hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.

　　3. 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　my sister asked me, "how do you like the film?"→

　　my sister asked me how i liked the film.

　　4. 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時(shí)，把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。例如：

　　the captain ordered, "be quiet."→

　　the captain ordered us to be quiet.

　　注意：此種情況的否定句，在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。

　　my teacher asked me, "don't laugh."→

　　my teacher asked me not to laugh.

　　5. 一些注意事項(xiàng)

　　(1)直接引語是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：

　　they told their son,"the earth goes round the sun."→

　　they told their son that the earth goes round the sun.

　　(2)直接引語變間接引語時(shí)， 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等要作相應(yīng)的變化。如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如：

　　he said, "i haven't seen her today."→

　　he said that he hadn't seen her that day.

　　注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)就在原來的地方，就在說話的當(dāng)天，就不必改變指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等。

　　(3)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：

　　he asked lucy, "where did you go?"→

　　he asked lucy where she went.

　　tom said, "what do you want, ann?"→

　　tom asked ann what she wanted.

　　(責(zé)任編輯：郭躍文)

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