2017年高考英語專項練習(xí)題型及答案(4)
考點一、條件句中的虛擬語氣
【考例】
—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _____. (2013重慶)
A. hadn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. don’t
解析：Awould have got wet可知，
考點二、錯綜時間/混合虛擬語氣
【考例】
Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011北京)
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
解析：C。當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表示的時間不一致時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。句意：也許如果當(dāng)時我學(xué)習(xí)的是科學(xué)而不是文學(xué)的話，那么我(現(xiàn)在)就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)句意和would be可知主句表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處條件句表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞使用had done的形式。
考點三、虛擬條件從句的倒裝和省略
【考例】
Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts. (2012浙江)
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
解析：Dwere, had(助動詞)或should，if，were, had或should放在主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。如果條件句是否定形式，倒裝時只能把not放在主語的后面。句意：他們要是早知道將要發(fā)生什么的話，也許就會有另外的想法了。 根據(jù)Had they known可知，應(yīng)用與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。
考點四、含蓄條件虛擬語氣
【考例】
We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ______ more places of interest yesterday. (2012福建)
A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited
解析：D。虛擬語氣中有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而暗含在上下文中，通過某些詞語(如without, otherwise, but, but for等)表現(xiàn)出來。句意：我們在小村莊里迷路了，否則昨天我們就會參觀更多的名勝。
考點五、“(should) do” 型虛擬語氣 (主要用在名詞性從句中)
【考例1】
Teachers recommend parents ______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建)
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
解析：A。句意：為了安全起見，老師建議家長不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學(xué)。在表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞性從句中，謂語動詞用“(should)+動詞原形”形式。常用于此情況的詞語有：堅持(insist)，命令(order, command), 建議(suggest/suggestion, advise, recommend/recommendation)，要求(ask, demand，request, require/requirement)等等。
【考例2】
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______to Miami but to New York?
—I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. (2005江蘇)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
解析：B。“(should)+do”型虛擬語氣還包括It is necessary, important... + that+主語+(should)+ do句型。
考點六、wish(ed)后從句中的虛擬語氣
【考例】
— Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
— I wish they ______ always late. (2011北京)
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
解析：A。句意： ——孩子們都到哪里去了?宴會就要被他們徹底破壞了。 —— 我希望他們不要總是遲到。由always可知本題表示從句動作與wish同時存在或發(fā)生，故選擇A。在wish后面的賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反用動詞過去式(be常用were); 與過去事實相反用過去完成時或could/would+ have done;與將來事實相反用could/would/might +動詞原形。注意：“hope +從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句要用陳述語氣。
(責(zé)任編輯：盧雁明)
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