2013高考英語重點知識：虛擬語氣
難點形成原因：
1．學(xué)習(xí)過程太零碎，不系統(tǒng)。
2．分不清什么時候使用，怎么使用。
3．一些固定用法記不住。
解決辦法：
虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。由于虛擬語氣表達的是與事實相反的行為狀態(tài)，其謂語動詞的變化不同于陳述語氣，這也是大家感到困惑和容易出錯的地方。做此類題目時，關(guān)鍵要迅速發(fā)現(xiàn)解題信息詞，確定虛擬語氣類型，然后按各類虛擬語氣的特定表達方式確定動詞的形式。
用法講解：
虛擬語氣表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而僅是一種愿望、建議或者與事實相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。
1．條件從句中的虛擬語氣
|
虛擬情況 |
條件從句謂語形式 |
主句謂語形式 |
典型例句 |
|
|
與現(xiàn)在的事實相反 |
did／were |
would do |
I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. ? ? |
|
|
與過去事實相反 |
had done |
would have done |
If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. ? ? |
|
|
與將來事實相反 |
did／were |
would do |
We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow. |
|
|
were to do |
||||
|
should do |
||||
|
混合虛擬 |
從句與過去事實相反 主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反 |
had done |
would do |
It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I had not fallen in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海) |
含蓄虛擬條件句
有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式表示。通常的詞或短語有：without"如果沒有", but for "要不是", but that, otherwise, or, but等。
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. (2001上海春季)
But for my classmates’ help, I would not have finished the work in time. (2004三級題)
Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well. ( 2004三級題)
注意：在虛擬條件句中，若有動詞were, should或had（+過去分詞），可以省略if，且把這三個詞放在主句之前，變成倒裝句。如：
What would have happened, had Bob walked farther, as far as the riverbank? (2001上海)
Had I realized you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. (1996三級題)
Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk. (2001三級題)
Had he taken the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (2004三級題)
(責(zé)任編輯：韓志霞)
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