倒計(jì)時(shí)46天:英語(yǔ)完型突擊技巧
高考中心資深英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)家針對(duì)英語(yǔ)閱讀的一些答題方式和技巧給大家做一個(gè)較為細(xì)致的考前指導(dǎo),以能夠進(jìn)一步幫助大家。
先說(shuō)英語(yǔ)完型的難點(diǎn)和要點(diǎn)。完型填空一直被廣大考生公認(rèn)為難點(diǎn),主要難在不會(huì)把握語(yǔ)境,選項(xiàng)較為類(lèi)似,難以編輯,通篇文章意思易懂,但拆分單獨(dú)句子容易誤解出錯(cuò),故而導(dǎo)致完型填空丟分較多。
而縱從2003年以來(lái),完形填空的命題趨勢(shì)漸漸朝著淡化語(yǔ)法方向發(fā)展,考查的重心放在整篇文章語(yǔ)境的理解和上下文邏輯的推理上,這就說(shuō)明,我們做題的方向首先應(yīng)該放在文章的信息結(jié)構(gòu)上,也就是劃線部分前后的信息分析上,簡(jiǎn)而言之即劃線前后提示信息。
很多人大談特談“語(yǔ)境”這個(gè)詞,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞的廣義性,很多同學(xué)不理解,在完型填空上,我們把它縮小為“用句子的意思決定單詞”和“劃線前后之間的關(guān)聯(lián)”。
這里反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)一下,英語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)文屬于完全不同的語(yǔ)言體系,語(yǔ)文是詞決定句子意思,英語(yǔ)是句子決定單詞。正確把握句子意思十分關(guān)鍵。英語(yǔ)的任何語(yǔ)法、句式結(jié)構(gòu)都是為了突出某一語(yǔ)境而設(shè)立的,這是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的起源和根本,當(dāng)你了解了這一關(guān)鍵,做英語(yǔ)完型、閱讀、單選就能事半功倍。尤其是完型填空。我們以2010全國(guó)卷的完型為例,闡述一下如何尋找劃線前后的提示信息,如何利用英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)特性“句子決定單詞”來(lái)解答完型填空。為方便起見(jiàn),直接在文章中注釋。
It was a busy morning,about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the
hospital .I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for all appointment(約會(huì))at 9:30
The nurse had him take a 36-Seat in the waiting area(休息間提示36為座位), 37-telling him it would be(應(yīng)該干什么提示37為告訴) at least 40 Minutes(時(shí)間提示38) 38before someone would be able to see him (提示38為之前)I saw him 39looking at his watch(提示看手表39) and decided,
since I was 40not busy—my patient didn‘t 41 turn up at the appointed hour(整句提示40為不忙,約定的病人沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)決定41), I would examine his wound .While taking care of his wound.I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment
The gentleman said no and told me that he 42needed to go to the nursing home(回家里提示43和他的老婆) to eat breakfast(需要回家吃早點(diǎn)提示42) with(提示43和誰(shuí)) his 43wife .He told me that she had been 44 (前面一句提示回家,用there指代)for a while and that she had a special disease I asked if she would be 45 if he was a bit late(遲到提示45擔(dān)心)。 He replied that she 46不久 knew who he was,that she had not been able to 47 (認(rèn)出) him for five years now(整句提示46為不久、47為認(rèn)出)。 I was 48(上句因?yàn)椴徽J(rèn)識(shí)感到驚訝,或者下午對(duì)話內(nèi)容也提示為驚訝) , and asked him,“And you 49仍舊 go every morning,even though(意思為即使她不知道你是誰(shuí),你仍舊每天都去提示49為) she doesn‘t know who you are?”
He smiled and said.“She doesn‘t know me but I know who she is” I had to hold back
50(上文信息讓作者感動(dòng),落淚) as he left.Now I 51(認(rèn)識(shí)到,后文提示) that in marriages,true love is 52 真愛(ài)接受最幸福的人們 of all that is The happiest people
don‘t 53(并不一定擁有最好的東西,后文提示) have the best of everything;they just 54 (根據(jù)前后文句子意思為創(chuàng)造) the best of everything they have 55(生活) isn’t about how to live through the storm,but how to dance in the rain.
36 A breath B.test C seat D break
37 A persuading B promising C understanding D telling
38 A if B before C since D after
39 A taking off B.fixing C looking at D winding
40.A very B also C seldom D not
41 A turn up B show off C come on D go away
42 A needed B forgot C agreed D happened
43 A daughter B wife C mother D sister
44 A. late B well C around D.there
45 A lonely B worried C doubtful D hungry
46 A so far B neither C no longer D already
47 A recognize B answer C believe D expect
48 A moved B disappointed C surprised D satisfied
49 A only B.then C.thus D still
50.A curiosity B tears C words D judgment
51 A realize B suggest C hope D prove
52 A agreement B expression C acceptance D exhibition
53 A necessarily B completely C.naturally D frequently
54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try
55 A Adventure B Beauty C Trust D Life
本題所有劃線部分都是依據(jù)前后文或多或少的提示信息。這是做完形題的根本方法,但是如何尋找這些信息,是一個(gè)較為頭疼的問(wèn)題。但是一旦給你指明了方向,卻也能短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握這種方法。我們可以從文中時(shí)間詞、地點(diǎn)詞、物主代詞、人稱(chēng)代詞、事件、動(dòng)作、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞方面下手。詞義辨析、純語(yǔ)法的試題較少,因此大家不必?fù)?dān)心。希望在復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中大家把重點(diǎn)放在尋找提示信息上。
其實(shí)作為完形填空題,高考命題的立意是考查同學(xué)們對(duì)篇章整體意思的理解,以及對(duì)句子獨(dú)立分割與關(guān)聯(lián)性的整體應(yīng)用。旨在要求同學(xué)們掌握用文章拆分句子、用句子判斷單詞的能力,本質(zhì)還是閱讀、理解。如果通過(guò)語(yǔ)法角度進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),無(wú)疑是南轅北轍。只有充分的從句子角度相互印證劃線部分所填單詞,才是最簡(jiǎn)單直觀的復(fù)習(xí)方法。離高考還剩下40多天,我們要掌握的就是這種一針見(jiàn)血,針對(duì)應(yīng)試角度出發(fā)的解題技巧,而不再是重復(fù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的復(fù)習(xí);A(chǔ)知識(shí)固然重要,但若已經(jīng)熟悉,就沒(méi)有必要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間重復(fù)復(fù)習(xí),重點(diǎn)放在“如何應(yīng)用上”。英語(yǔ)的考查角度已經(jīng)從單純的考查轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?ldquo;實(shí)際應(yīng)用”,故此,如何應(yīng)用才是在這時(shí)間緊迫的情況下,第一時(shí)間所抓的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)。
附件:2011年高考倒計(jì)時(shí)英語(yǔ)沖刺三大竅門(mén)
(責(zé)任編輯:李書(shū)信)
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